Table 1 Scores of the Cochrane tool of Bias
From: Education in the placement of ultrasound-guided peripheral venous catheters: a systematic review
Selection bias | Performance bias | Detection bias | Attrition bias | Reporting bias | Other bias | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Random sequence generation | Allocation concealment | Blinding of participants and personnel | Blinding of outcome assessment | Incomplete outcome data | Selective reporting | Anything else, ideally pre-specified | ||||
Bahl [32] | Low | Low | / (High) | High | Low | ? / (High) | Low | |||
Bauman [61] | / | / | / (High) | High | Low | High | High | |||
Breslin [15] | / | / | / (High) | High | High | High | Low | |||
Desai [20] | / | / | / (High) | High | Low | High | Low | |||
Duran-Gehring [22] | / | / | / (High) | High | Low | Low | Low | |||
Feinsmith [52] | / | / | / (High) | High | High | High | Low | |||
Vitto [51] | ? (High) | ? (High) | / (High) | High | High | High | High | |||
Moore [53] | / | / | / (High) | High | High | High | High | |||
Oakley [60] | / | / | / (High) | High | Low | High | High | |||
Bair [69] | Low | Low | / (High) | High | Low | Low | Low | |||
Osborn [11] | ? (High) | ? (High) | / (High) | High | Low | High | Low | |||
Costantino [16] | High | / (High) | High | High | High | Low | ||||
Ault [43] | / | / | / (High) | High | High | High | Low | |||
Fürst [49] | / | / | / (High) | High | Low | High | High | |||
Clemmensen [34] | Low | High | / (High) | Low | Low | High | Low | |||
Blaivas [57] | High | High | / (High) | High | Low | High | Low | |||
Brannam [24] | / | / | / (High) | High | High | High | Low | |||
Carter [68] | Low | High | / (High) | High | High | High | Low | |||
Chinnock [58] | / | / | / (High) | High | Low | High | Low | |||
Davis [39] | High | High | / (High) | High | Low | High | High | |||
Stolz [42] | / | / | / (High) | High | High | High | Low | |||
Durand-Bailloud [23] | High | High | / (High) | High | High | High | Low | |||
Erickson [45] | / | / | Low | Low | Low | High | Low | |||
Griffiths [44] | Low | Low | / (High) | High | Low | High | Low | |||
Oliveira [25] | / | / | / (High) | High | High | High | Low | |||
Jung [55] | / | / | / (High) | / | ||||||
Leung [50] | / | / | / (High) | High | High | High | Low | |||
Tassone [35] | Low | High | / (High) | High | Low | Low | Low | |||
Adhikari [14] | / | / | / (High) | ? (High) | ? (High) | High | Low | |||
Blaivas [26] | / | / | / (High) | High | High | High | Low | |||
Schoenfeld [70] | / | / | / (High) | High | Low | High | Low | |||
Edwards [12] | / | / | / (High) | High | High | High | High | |||
Bridey [65] | Low | High | / (High) | High | Low | High | Low | |||
Good [47] | / | / | / (High) | High | High | High | Low | |||
Sou [64] | / | / | / (High) | High | Low | High | Low | |||
Mahler [59] | Low | Low | / (High) | High | Low | High | Low | |||
Shokoohiet [21] | / | / | / (High) | High | High | High | Low | |||
Costantino [19] | High | High | / (High) | High | High | High | High | |||
Doniger [63] | Low | Low | / (High) | High | Low | High | Low | |||
Panebianco [18] | / | / | / (High) | High | High | High | Low | |||
Maiocco [66] | / | / | / (High) | High | High | High | High | |||
Reeves [36] | / | / | / (High) | Low | Low | High | Low | |||
Primdahl [54] | / | / | Low | Low | / | |||||
Primdahl [56] | / | / | / (High) | High | Low | High | Low | |||
Chenkin [38] | Low | Low | / (High) | High | High | Low | Low | |||
Gopalasingam [67] | / | / | / (High) | High | High | Low | Low | |||
Salleras-Duran [17] | / | / | / (High) | High | Low | High | Low | |||
Stone [46] | Low | High | / (High) | High | High | High | High | |||
Carrie [13] | / | / | / (High) | High | Low | High | Low | |||
Partovi-Deilami [62] | / | / | / (High) | High | High | High | High | |||
Vinograd [71] | / | / | / (High) | High | High | High | High | |||
Dargin [72] | / | / | / (High) | High | Low | High | High | |||