Table 1 Study population demographics
Demographic features | All, N = 136 | Immediate CT group, N = 93 | Non immediate CT group, N = 43 | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Male Gender, n (%) | 115 (84.6) | 84 (90.3) | 31 (72.1) | 0.006 |
Female Gender, n (%) | 21 (15.4) | 9 (9.7) | 12 (27.9) | Â |
Age (year) | ||||
 Mean ± SD | 53.94 ± 12.7 | 54.7 ± 12.2 | 52.3 ± 13.8 | 0.31 |
 Median (IQR) | 53.85 (20.0–78.8) | 54.4 (20–78) | 53.4 (23–78) | 0.43 |
 Age > 60 years, n (%) | 46 (33.8) | 34 (36.6) | 12 (27.9) | 0.33 |
 Age > 75 years, n (%) | 4 (2.9) | 3 (3.3) | 1 (2.3) | 0.78 |
Comorbidities, n (%) | ||||
 Diabetes mellitus | 41 (30.2) | 26 (28.0) | 15 (34.9) | 0.42 |
 Hypertension | 70 (51.5) | 47 (50.5) | 23 (53.5) | 0.75 |
 Liver cirrhosis | 4 (2.9) | 3 (3.2) | 1 (2.3) | 0.77 |
 Coronary artery disease | 46 (33.8) | 32 (34.4) | 14 (32.6) | 0.83 |
 Peripheral arterial disease | 8 (5.9) | 3 (3.2) | 5 (11.6) | 0.05 |
 NYHA class 3/4 | 34 (25) | 22 (23.7) | 12 (27.9) | 0.60 |
 COPD | 4 (2.9) | 1 (1.1) | 3 (7.0) | 0.06 |
 CKD | 19 (14.0) | 8 (8.6) | 11 (25.6) | 0.008* |
 CKD stage 4/ 5 | 10 (7.4) | 4 (4.3) | 6 (14.0) | 0.05* |
 CKD on dialysis | 8 (5.9) | 4 (4.3) | 4 (9.3) | 0.25 |
 Stroke | 11 (8.1) | 6 (6.5) | 5 (11.6) | 0.31 |
Causes of cardiac arrest, n (%) | ||||
 Acute myocardial infarction | 85 (62.5) | 58 (62.4) | 27 (62.8) | 0.96 |
 Chronic heart failure | 10 (7.4) | 6 (6.5) | 4 (9.3) | 0.56 |
 Dissecting aortic aneurysm | 4 (2.9) | 3 (3.2) | 1 (2.3) | 0.77 |
 Cerebral hemorrhage | 2 (1.5) | 2 (2.2) | 0 (0) | 0.33 |
 Pulmonary embolism | 3 (2.2) | 3 (3.2) | 0 (0) | 0.24 |
 Arrhythmias | 9 (6.6) | 6 (6.5) | 3 (7.0) | 0.91 |
 Acute myocarditis | 2 (1.5) | 0 (0) | 2 (4.7) | 0.04 |
 Cardiac tamponade | 1 (0.7) | 1 (1.1) | 0 (0) | 0.50 |
 Respiratory failure | 1 (0.7) | 1 (1.1) | 0 (0) | 0.50 |
 Others | 19 (14.0) | 13 (14.0) | 6 (14.0) | 1.00 |
Initial Lab data (mean ± SD) | ||||
 Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.96 ± 2.08 | 1.92 ± 1.81 | 2.06 ± 2.60 | 0.73 |
 eGFR (mL/min/1.73m2) | 68.7 ± 41.7 | 64.7 ± 30.7 | 77.7 ± 59.3 | 0.10 |
 Lactate (mmol/L) | 13.0 ± 5.76 | 12.9 ± 5.72 | 13.3 ± 5.94 | 0.74 |
Charlson’s Comorbidity Index (CCI) | ||||
 Mean ± SD | 3.94 ± 2.71 | 3.68 ± 2.55 | 4.51 ± 3.02 | 0.10 |
 Median (IQR) | 3.0 (2.0–5.0) | 3.0 (2.0–5.0) | 4.0 (3.0–6.0) | 0.15 |
Low flow duration (min) | ||||
 Mean ± SD | 65.9 ± 108.7 | 75.4 ± 129.9 | 45.4 ± 19.3 | 0.03* |
 Median (IQR) | 49.5 (38.0–60.0) | 53 (41.0–62.5) | 42.0 (32.0–54.3) | 0.004* |
First Documented Rhythm, n (%) | ||||
 Pulseless VT / VF | 90 (66.2) | 61 (65.6) | 29 (67.4) | 0.83 |
 PEA / Asystole | 46 (33.8) | 32 (34.4) | 14 (32.6) |  |
ECMO to CT time (min) | ||||
 Mean ± SD | N/A | 69.1 ± 24.84 | N/A | N/A |
 Median (IQR) | N/A | 65.0 (53.99 to 82.24) | N/A | N/A |