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Table 1 Description and presence of risk factors for intracranial hemorrhage

From: Application of NICE or SNC guidelines may reduce the need for computerized tomographies in patients with mild traumatic brain injury: a retrospective chart review and theoretical application of five guidelines

Variable

N

(%)

Missing

(%)

Age

Median

65

  

0

(0.0)

Interquartile range

40–81

n/a

n/a

Min-Max

18–104

n/a

n/a

Gender

Male

 

747

(53.8)

0

(0.0)

Female

 

641

(46.2)

0

(0.0)

Bleeding disorder

  

9

(0.6)

51

(3.7)

Treatment with anticoagulants

 

186

(13.4)

47

(3.4)

Treatment with platelet inhibitor

 

173

(12.5)

45

(3.2)

RLS-85

1

 

1333

(96.0)

0

(0.0)

 

2

 

49

(3.5)

0

(0.0)

 

3

 

6

(0.4)

0

(0.0)

GCS

15

 

1331

(95.9)

0

(0.0)

 

14

 

50

(3.6)

0

(0.0)

 

9–13

 

7

(0.5)

0

(0.0)

Loss of consciousness

Certain

 

272

(19.6)

277

(20.0)

 

Suspected

 

104

(7.5)

n/a

n/a

Amnesia

  

301

(21.7)

672

(48.4)

Amnesia > 30 min

  

12

(0.9)

86

(6.2)

Headache

  

261

(18.8)

811

(58.4)

Over 2 episodes of vomiting

  

30

(2.2)

692

(49.9)

Dangerous mechanism of injury

 

57

(4.1)

35

(2.5)

Post-traumatic seizure

 

14

(1.0)

0

(0.0)

Intoxication

 

324

(23.3)

758

(54.6)

Abnormal behavior in ED

 

66

(4.8)

0

(0.0)

Abnormal level of alertness in ED

 

99

(7.1)

0

(0.0)

Signs of depressed skull fracture

 

111

(8.0)

1115

(80.3)

Signs of basal skull fracture

 

18

(1.3)

1225

(88.3)

Scalp hematoma

 

66

(4.8)

1192

(85.9)

Physical signs of injury above clavicles

 

1044

(75.2)

188

(13.5)

Neurological deficit

 

60

(4.3)

919

(66.2)

S-S100B > 0.10 μg/La

 

229

(58.7)

n/a

n/a

Head CT performed

 

825

(61)

n/a

n/a

Intracranial hemorrhageb

Total

70

(5.1)

n/a

n/a

 

Subdural

29

(41.4)

n/a

n/a

 

Subarachnoidal

29

(41.4)

n/a

n/a

 

Epidural

4

(5.7)

n/a

n/a

 

Other

30

(42.9)

n/a

n/a

Skull fracture

Total

18

(1.3)

1

(0.1)

 

Basilar

11

(61.1)

n/a

n/a

 

Linear, no depression

5

(27.8)

n/a

n/a

 

Linear, depression

1

(5.6)

n/a

n/a

 

Comminute, no depression

1

(5.6)

n/a

n/a

 

Comminute, depression

0

(0.0)

n/a

n/a

Any neurosurgical intervention

3

(0.2)

n/a

n/a

Death due to head injury

 

4

(0.3)

n/a

n/a

  1. Notes: aNot all patients were sampled. bSome patients had multiple hemorrhages
  2. Abbreviations: ED Emergency Department, CT Computerized tomography, RLS-85 Reaction Level Scale 85, GCS Glasgow Coma Scale
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Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine

ISSN: 1757-7241