Table 1 Characteristics of the study population
| Â | Trauma patients | Controls | P value* |
|---|---|---|---|
Number of individuals | 4712 | 25,013 | Â |
Age, years | Â | Â | 0.025 |
 20–29 | 1557 (33.0) | 7862 (31.4) |  |
 30–44 | 1667 (35.4) | 8790 (35.1) |  |
 45–63 | 1488 (31.6) | 8361 (33.4) |  |
Gender | Â | Â | 0.494 |
 Female | 1318 (28.0) | 7119 (28.5) |  |
 Male | 3394 (72.0) | 17,894 (71.5) |  |
History of comorbidity | Â | Â | Â |
 Psychiatric | 523 (11.1) | 1024 (4.1) | < 0.001 |
 Substance abuse | 609 (12.9) | 617 (2.5) | < 0.001 |
 Somatic | 734 (15.6) | 3116 (12.5) | < 0.001 |
Education | Â | Â | < 0.001 |
 High | 1200 (25.5) | 9738 (38.9) |  |
 Medium | 2293 (48.7) | 11,416 (45.6) |  |
 Low | 1105 (23.5) | 3261 (13.0) |  |
 Missing | 114 (2.4) | 598 (2.4) |  |
Sick leave month one before trauma, days/month | Â | Â | < 0.001 |
 None | 4440 (94.2) | 24,320 (97.2) |  |
 Part | 187 (4.0) | 495 (2.0) |  |
 Full | 85 (1.8) | 198 (0.8) |  |
Sick leave month twelve after trauma, days/month | Â | Â | < 0.001 |
 None | 3747 (79.5) | 24,239 (96.9) |  |
 Part | 326 (6.9) | 418 (1.7) |  |
 Full | 495 (10.5) | 334 (1.3) |  |
 Dead | 144 (3.1) | 22 (0.1) |  |
Mechanism of injury | |||
 Traffic-related | 2752 (58.4) |  |  |
 Fall | 1032 (21.9) |  |  |
 Assault | 604 (12.8) |  |  |
 Self-inflicted | 134 (2.8) |  |  |
 Other | 188 (4.0) |  |  |
 Missing | 2 (0.0) |  |  |
Type of trauma | |||
Penetrating | 317 (6.7) | Â | Â |
Blunt | 4395 (93.3) | Â | Â |
ISS | |||
 Median (IQR) | 5 (1–13) |  |  |
 ≤ 15 | 3716 (78.9) |  |  |
  > 15 | 996 (21.1) |  |  |
GCS on arrival | Â | Â | Â |
 14–15 | 3985 (84.6) |  |  |
 9–13 | 313 (6.6) |  |  |
 3–8 | 414 (8.8) |  |  |
AISÂ >Â 2 | |||
 Head | 769 (16.3) |  |  |
 Spine | 217 (4.6) |  |  |
SAP on arrival, mm Hg | |||
 ≥ 90 | 4584 (97.3) |  |  |
  < 90 | 128 (2.7) |  |  |
Length of stay hospital, days | |||
 0–7 | 3756 (79.7) |  |  |
  > 7 | 956 (20.3) |  |  |
Discharge destination | |||
 Home | 3745 (79.5) |  |  |
 Other hospital/rehab | 967 (20.5) |  |  |