Table 2 Primary research articles identified through the search strategy
Year | Study title | Author | Study type | Level of evidence | Patient number | Military/civilian |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Catastrophic haemorrhage | ||||||
2015 | Celox-coated gauze for the treatment of civilian penetrating trauma: a randomised clinical trial | Hatamabadi et al | RCT | 1b | 160 | Civilian |
2016 | A multi-institutional study of haemostatic gauze and tourniquets in rural civilian trauma | Leonard et al | Case series | 4 | 40 | Civilian |
2015 | Prehospital use of hemostatic dressings by the Israel Defense Forces Medical Corps: a case series of 122 patients | Shina et al | Case series | 4 | 122 | Military |
Airway, breathing and ventilation | ||||||
2010 | A meta-analysis of prehospital airway control techniques part II: alternative airway devices and cricothyrotomy success rates | Hubble et al | Meta-analysis | 3a | 512 | Civilian |
2000 | Emergency airway management in penetrating neck injury | Mandavia et al | Case series | 4 | 82 | Civilian |
2009 | Airway Management of Two Patients with Penetrating Neck Trauma | Bhattacharya et al | Case series | 4 | 2 | Civilian |
2020 | Neck Injuries—Israel defense forces 20 years' experience | Tsur et al | Case series | 4 | 41 | Military |
2014 | Prehospital and en route cricothyrotomy performed in the combat setting: a prospective, multicentre, observational study | Barnard et al | Prospective case series | 4 | 34 | Military |
Circulation | ||||||
2006 | Emergency department resuscitative thoracotomy for non-torso injuries | Sheppard et al | Case series | 4 | 27 | Civilian |
2016 | The iTClamp in the management of prehospital haemorrhage | Tan et al | Case series | 4 | 10 | Civilian |
2019 | Management of life-threatening haemorrhage from maxillofacial firearm injuries using Foley catheter balloon tamponade | Jose et al | Case series | 4 | 11 | Military |
2013 | The iTClamp controls junctional bleeding in a lethal swine exsanguination model | Fillips et al | Cohort study | 2b | 20 animal swine model | N/A |
Disability prevention | ||||||
2010 | Spine immobilisation in penetrating trauma: more harm than good? | Haut et al | Case control | 3b | 45,284 | Civilian |
2009 | Increased risk of death with cervical spine immobilisation in penetrating cervical trauma | Vanderlan et al | Case control | 3b | 188 | Civilian |
2011 | Unstable cervical spine fracture after penetrating neck injury: a rare entity in an analysis of 1069 patients | Lustenberger et al | Case series | 4 | 1069 | Civilian |
2009 | Neurologic sequelae of penetrating cervical trauma | Vanderlan et al | Case series | 4 | 196 | Civilian |
2000 | Prehospital stabilization of the cervical spine for penetrating injuries of the neck—is it necessary? | Barkana et al | Case series | 4 | 44 | Military |
2009 | Learning the lessons from conflict: pre-hospital cervical spine stabilisation following ballistic neck trauma | Ramasamy et al | Case series | 4 | 90 | Military |