Table 1 Comparison of ketamine and propofol as induction agents for RSI in adult trauma patients (N = 548)
From: Ketamine versus propofol for rapid sequence induction in trauma patients: a retrospective study
Ketamine group (N = 228) | Propofol group (N = 320) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
Male, N (%) | 162 (71.1) | 249 (77.8) | 0.07† |
Age (years), median [IQR] | 48.5 [33.3, 61.5] | 51.2 [32.8, 68.2] | 0.08‡ |
Body Mass Index (kg per m2), mean (SD) | 24.2 [21.4, 27.4] | 24.2 [22.0, 26.5] | 0.62‡ |
Missing | 113 | 171 | |
ISS, median [IQR] | 26.5 [19.8, 36.0] | 25.0 [17.0, 29.0] | 0.001*‡ |
Missing | 24 | 75 | |
PSS, median [IQR] | 0.4 [0.2, 0.9] | 0.3 [0.0, 0.7] | < 0.001*‡ |
Missing | 2 | 2 | |
Trauma mechanism, N (%) | 0.002*† | ||
Blunt | 195 (85.5) | 284 (88.8) | |
Penetrating | 23 (10.1) | 10 (3.1) | |
Burn | 3 (1.3) | 3 (0.9) | |
Other | 7 (3.1) | 23 (7.2) | |
Arrival mode, N (%) | 0.047*† | ||
Physician staffed ambulance | 159 (69.7) | 255 (79.7) | |
Physician staffed helicopter | 68 (29.8) | 64 (20.0) | |
Missing | 1 | 1 (0.3) | |
Known associated injuries, N (%) | |||
TBI | 112 (49.1) | 184 (57.5) | 0.14† |
Thorax | 129 (56.6) | 87 (27.2) | < 0.001*† |
Abdomen/Pelvis | 85 (37.3) | 50 (15.6) | < 0.001*† |
Extremities | 110 (48.2) | 74 (23.1) | < 0.001*† |
Spine | 82 (36.0) | 68 (21.2) | < 0.001*† |
Intubation location, N (%) | 0.26† | ||
Pre-hospital | 177 (77.6) | 261 (81.6) | |
Trauma centre | 51 (22.4) | 59 (18.4) | |
Drug dose (mg), median [IQR] | 75 [50, 100] | 100 [80, 150] | NA |
Missing | 110 | 105 | |
Vital signs before intubation, median [IQR] | |||
SpO2 (%) | 96 [88, 100] | 98 [90, 100] | 0.06‡ |
Missing | 119 | 138 | |
HR (BPM) | 102 [90, 122] | 95 [75, 105] | < 0.001*‡ |
Missing | 117 | 135 | |
SBP (mmHg) | 121 [100, 150] | 130 [110, 160] | 0.02*‡ |
Missing | 122 | 143 | |
GCS | 7 [3, 12] | 5 [3, 9] | 0.001*‡ |
Missing | 6 | 8 | |
Shock before intubation§, N (%) | 93 (40.8) | 92 (28.8) | 0.003*† |
Vital signs after intubation, median [IQR] | |||
HR (BPM) | 104 [87, 125] | 94 [75, 105] | < 0.001*‡ |
Missing | 112 | 143 | |
SBP (mmHg) | 115 [90, 140] | 120 [100, 140] | 0.22‡ |
Missing | 113 | 136 | |
Change in SBP (mmHg), median [IQR] | −10 [−25, 10] | −15 [−31.5, 0] | 0.06‡ |
Missing | 135 | 164 | |
Neuromuscular blocking agent, N (%) | 0.09† | ||
Suxamethonium | 161 (70.6) | 198 (61.9) | |
Rocuronium | 33 (14.5) | 67 (20.9) | |
Suxamethonium and Rocuronium | 20 (8.8) | 33 (10.3) | |
No neuromuscular blocking agent | 14 (6.1) | 22 (6.8) | |
Use of vasopressor, N (%) | 29 (12.7) | 65 (20.3) | 0.04*† |
Missing | 63 (27.6) | 70 (21.9) | |
Outcomes | |||
30-day mortality, N (%) | 46 (20.2) | 73 (22.8) | 0.46† |
Hospital length of stay (days), median [IQR] | 12 (3, 23) | 6 (1, 15.2) | 0.01*‡ |
ICU stay (days), median [IQR] | 3 (1, 13) | 1 (1, 8) | 0.09‡ |
Mechanical ventilation (hours), median [IQR] | 29.9 (9.6, 167.2) | 20.4 (4.9, 103) | 0.68‡ |