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Table 4 Clinical outcomes of the subgroups based on beta-blocker exposure prior to and after propensity score matching

From: Beta-blockade is not associated with improved outcomes in isolated severe extracranial injury: an observational cohort study

Variable

Before matching

After matching

BB+

(n = 73)

BB

(n = 625)

p

BB+

(n = 73)

BB

(n = 73)

p

Infection, % (n)

30.1 (22)

27.7 (173)

0.767

30.1 (22)

27.4 (20)

0.851

Cardiac complication, % (n)

8.2 (6)

1.4 (9)

0.002

8.2 (6)

4.1 (3)

0.453

Respiratory complication, % (n)

6.8 (5)

5.3 (33)

0.583

6.8 (5)

8.2 (6)

1.000

Dialysis, % (n)

4.1 (3)

1.8 (11)

0.173

4.1 (3)

1.4 (1)

0.625

ICU LOS, mean [SD]

2.8 [6.1]

2.8 [5.4]

0.980

2.8 [8.7]

2.8 [8.7]

0.852

Hospital LOS, mean [SD]

14.6 [18.8]

15.2 [16.8]

0.771

14.6 [23.1]

13 [15]

0.569

Care level at day 30

      

1, % (n)

16.4 (12)

16.2 (101)

1.000

13.7 (10)

15.1 (11)

1.000

2, % (n)

5.5 (4)

12.6 (79)

0.110

17.8 (13)

15.1 (11)

0.791

3, % (n)

1.4 (1)

0.5 (3)

0.358

15.1 (11)

20.5 (15)

0.503

4, % (n)

46.6 (34)

61.0 (381)

0.025

12.3 (9)

15.1 (11)

0.815

In-hospital mortality, % (n)

28.8 (21)

8.2 (51)

 < 0.001

28.8 (21)

24.7 (18)

0.690

30-day mortality*, % (n)

30.1 (22)

8.5 (53)

 < 0.001

30.1 (22)

26 (19)

0.701

90-day mortality**, % (n)

34.2 (25)

9.0 (56)

 < 0.001

34.2 (25)

30.1 (22)

0.690

  1. Patients were matched using propensity score matching. Variables matched included age, injury mechanism, ISS, SBP, CCI and surgery required or not
  2. SD, standard deviation; GCS, Glasgow Coma Scale; SBP, Systolic Blood Pressure; ISS, Injury Severity Score; CCI, Charlson Comorbidity Index. Care level at day 30 is defined accordingly: 1, in hospital; 2, rehabilitation center; 3, care home; 4, at home
  3. *30-day mortality includes all deaths up to 30 days after suffered trauma
  4. **90-day mortality includes all deaths up to 90 days after suffered trauma (includes all patients that count towards 30-day mortality)