Table 1 Demographics and clinical data of all TBI patients by survivors and non-survivors

Baseline Demographics

 Age, M

50.0 (19.5–87.0)

51.0 (20.3–87.0)

49.0 (18.0-85.5)

0.678

 Weight, kg

17.0 (11.3–24.0)

17.5 (11.0–25.0)

15.0 (12.0-21.3)

0.419

 Gender, male, n (%)

170 (60.5 %)

141 (61.8 %)

29 (54.7 %)

0.339

Injury severity

 GCS

8 (6–10)

8 (7–11)

5 (3–7)

< 0.001

 PTS

5 (3–7)

5 (3–7)

2 (1–4)

< 0.001

 ISS

18 (13–27)

18 (9–25)

25 (18–30)

0.003

Mechanism of injury

0.505

 Traffic, n (%)

109 (38.8 %)

92 (40.4 %)

17 (32.1 %)

 Fall, n (%)

135 (48.0 %)

106 (46.5 %)

29 (54.7 %)

 Others, n (%)

37 (13.2 %)

30 (13.2 %)

7 (13.2 %)

Lesion type

 EDH, n (%)

82 (29.2 %)

74 (32.5 %)

8 (15.1 %)

0.018

 SDH, n (%)

98 (34.9 %)

78 (34.2 %)

20 (37.7 %)

0.476

 SAH, n (%)

137 (48.8 %)

106 (46.5 %)

31 (58.5 %)

0.057

 Contusion, n (%)

125 (44.5 %)

102 (44.7 %)

23 (43.4 %)

0.932

 Intraparenchymal hemorrhage,n(%)

42 (14.9 %)

36 (15.8 %)

6 (11.3 %)

0.477

 Polytrauma, n (%)

144 (51.2 %)

110 (48.2 %)

34 (64.2 %)

0.037

 Abnormal pupil, n (%)

109 (38.8 %)

62 (27.2 %)

47 (88.7 %)

< 0.001

 Hypotension, n (%)

34 (12.1 %)

19 (8.3 %)

15 (28.3 %)

< 0.001

Laboratory investigations

 Lactate, mmol/L

2.1 (0.8-4.0)

1.5 (0.8–3.2)

4.6 (2.9-7.0)

< 0.001

 INR

1.16 (1.07–1.34)

1.14 (1.05–1.26)

1.49 (1.21–1.94)

< 0.001

 APTT, s

29.4 (26.0-35.3)

28.6 (25.4–32.5)

44.4 (29.6–68.3)

< 0.001

 Fibrinogen, mg/dL

134.0

(82.0-182.0)

143.0

(104.8–188.0)

71.0

(50.0-112.0)

< 0.001

 TT, s

18.7 (17.3–21.3)

18.3 (17.1–20.3)

22 (18.8–30.1)

< 0.001

 D-dimer, ug/L

14,040

(3965–22,865)

13,665

(3790–22,348)

16,460

(5280–29,695)

0.127

 PLT, /uL

261.0

(200.0-324.0)

264.5

(208.3-331.3)

210.0

(158.0-298.0)

0.006

 Hgb, g/L

98.0

(81.5–111.0)

101.0

(84.3–113.0)

85.0

(68.0-102.0)

< 0.001

 WBC, *10^9/L

16.6(12.2–21.5)

16.7(12.2–21.1)

15.9(12.7–23.1)

0.486