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Table 2 Pre-hospital times, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), systolic blood pressure (SBP) and selected pre-hospital therapeutic interventions subdivided by the three groups

From: Severe traumatic brain injury and hypotension is a frequent and lethal combination in multiple trauma patients in mountain areas – an analysis of the prospective international Alpine Trauma Registry

 

TBI with hypotension

(group 1) n = 50

TBI without hypotension

(group 2) n = 92

No TBI (group 3)

n = 145

p-value

Pre-hospital times

 Treatment free interval, min, median (range)

27.5 (3–130)

16 (2–1001)

20 (1–469)

0.239

 Total pre-hospital time, min, median (range)

82 (30–1560)

88.5 (20–1047)

80 (13–1274)

0.137

Level of pre-hospital care

 No care, n (%)

0 (0%)

5 (5%)

9 (6%)

0.195

 Basic life support, n (%)

5 (10%)

12 (13%)

36 (26%)

0.014

 Advanced life support, n (%)

45 (90%)

73 (80%)

93 (66%)

0.001

Pre-hospital SBP and GCS

 Pre-hospital SBP, mmHg, mean ± SD

103.0 ± 26.2

117.8 ± 26.0

116.4 ± 23.3

0.012

 Pre-hospital GCS, mean ± SD

8.5 ± 4.3

9.6 ± 4.3

14.3 ± 1.7

< 0.001

 Pre-hospital GCS ≤ 8, n (%)

27 (54%)

39 (43%)

2 (1%)

< 0.001

Selected pre-hospital therapeutic interventions

 Crystalloid fluids, ml, mean ± SD

758 ± 339

587 ± 381

580 ± 413

0.011

 Vasopressor therapy, n (%)

4 (12%)

0 (0%)

2 (2%)

0.005

 Intubation, n (%)

28 (56%)

42 (46%)

19 (13%)

< 0.001

 Intubation, n (%) in patients with GCS ≤ 8

24 (89%)

35 (90%)

2 (100%)

0.883

  1. Tests performed were Pearson’s chi-squared tests, except for treatment free interval, total pre-hospital time and crystalloid fluids Kruskal-Wallis tests and for pre-hospital SBP ANOVA
  2. TBI traumatic brain injury