First author, publication year | Study period/ region | Patient number | Main population characteristics | Selection of intervention and comparator | EMSe response time, mean or median (min) | Time to intervention adjusted in analysis | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Inclusion criteria | Age, mean or median | Male, % | Witnessed arrest, % | Bystander CPR,b % | Shockable rhythms, % | ||||||
Clemency et al., 2017 [17] | 2013–2015/ USA | 1340 | Adult OHCAa | 62 | 64 | 49 | 27 | 15 | First attempted IOc and IVd access | NA | No |
Feinstein et al., 2017 [18] | 2012–2014/ USA | 1800 | Adult non-traumatic OHCA | 64 | 63 | 57 | 69 | 28 | Actual IO and IV access for drug use | 5.9 | Yes (time to establishment of vascular access adjusted) |
Kawano et al., 2018 [19] | 2007–2009/ USA & Canada | 13,155 | Adult non-traumatic OHCA | 68 | 66 | 52 | 38 | 26 | First attempted IO and IV access | 5.5 | No |
Mody et al., 2019 [20] | 2011–2015/ USA & Canada | 19,731 | Adult non-traumatic OHCA | 68 | 65 | 24 | 46 | 22 | First attempted IO and IV access | 5.4 | Yes (time to medications administration adjusted) |
Nguyen et al., 2019 [21] | 2013–2017/ USA | 795 | Adult non-traumatic OHCA | 65 | 62 | NA | NA | 21 | First attempted IO and IV access | 12.9 | No |
Baert et al., 2020 [22] | 2011–2017/ France | 28,856 | Adult non-traumatic OHCA | 67 | 70 | 73 | 50 | 13 | Actual IO and IV access for drug use | 10 | Yes (time to medications administration adjusted) |
Daya et al., 2020 [23] | 2012–2015/ USA & Canada | 3019 | Adult non-traumatic OHCA | 63 | 80 | 70 | 57 | 100 | Actual IO and IV access for drug use | 5.7 | Yes (time to establishment of vascular access adjusted) |
Nolan et al., 2020 [24] | 2014–2017/ UK | 7317 | Adult non-traumatic OHCA | 70 | 65 | 61 | 59 | 18 | Actual IO and IV access for drug use | 7.4 | No |
Zhang et al., 2020 [25] | 2011–2015/ USA & Canada | 35,733 | Adult non-traumatic OHCA | 66 | 66 | 48 | 44 | 22 | First attempted IO and IV access | 5.1 | Yes (time to establishment of vascular access adjusted) |