External validation of multimodal termination of resuscitation rules for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients in the COVID-19 era

Table 1 Criteria of the BLS-TOR and KoCARC BLS-TOR rules

TOR rules	Witness status	Initial prehospital rhythm	Prehospital shock	Prehospital ROSC	Others
Based on prehospital criteria
International BLS rule⁸	not witnessed by EMT		no prehospital shock	no prehospital ROSC
International ALS rule⁸	not witnessed by bystander/EMT		no prehospital shock	no prehospital ROSC	no bystander CPR
Goto’s TOR rule¹³	not witnessed by bystander	Initial non-shockable rhythm		no prehospital ROSC
KoCARC TOR rule I ⁷	not witnessed by EMT	asystole in prehospital conditions	no prehospital shock	no prehospital ROSC
KoCARC TOR rule II	not witnessed by EMT		no prehospital shock	no prehospital ROSC	Age > 60
KoCARC TOR rule III	not witnessed by EMT	asystole in prehospital conditions	no prehospital shock	no prehospital ROSC	Age > 60
New TOR model 1¹¹	not witnessed by bystander	asystole in the field		no prehospital ROSC
Based on prehospital and ED
SOS-KANTO’s TOR rule¹⁴	not witnessed by bystander	asystole in the field			asystole in the hospital
New TOR model 2	not witnessed by bystander			no prehospital ROSC	asystole in the hospital

ALS advanced life support, BLS-TOR basic life support and termination of resuscitation, CPR cardiopulmonary resuscitation, EMT emergency medical technicians, KoCARC Korean Cardiac Arrest Research Consortium, ROSC return of spontaneous circulation, SOS-KANTO survey of survivors after cardiac arrest conducted in the Kanto area in 2012 (2017)

ISSN: 1757-7241