Table 2 Assessment of quality and reliability of the individual studies
Study | Section A: Are the results of the study valid? | Section B: What are the results? | Section C: Will the results help locally? | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Did the study address a focused issue? | Was the cohort recruited acceptably? | Was the exposure accurately measured to minimize bias? | Was the outcome accurately measured to minimize bias? | Have the authors identified all-important confounding factors? | Was the follow up of subjects complete enough? | Have ethical issues been taken into consideration? | Was the data analysis sufficiently rigorous? | Is there a clear statement of findings? | How valuable is the research? | |
Non-traumatic patients | ||||||||||
Donald [16] 2009 | Yes | Yes | Uncertain | Yes | Uncertain | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | High |
Duncan [8] 2009 | Yes | Yes | Uncertain | Yes | Uncertain | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | High |
Eizadi-Mood [17] 2009 | Yes | Uncertain | Uncertain | Uncertain | Uncertain | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Moderate |
Montassier [18] 2012 | Yes | Yes | Uncertain | No | Uncertain | Uncertain | Uncertain | Uncertain | Yes | Low |
Nielsen6 2012 | Yes | Yes | Uncertain | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Low |
Dietze [19] 2014 | Yes | Uncertain | Uncertain | Yes | Uncertain | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Low |
Van Helmond [20] 2019 | Yes | Yes | Uncertain | Yes | Uncertain | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Moderate |
Trauma patients | ||||||||||
Davis [21] 2005 | Yes | Yes | Uncertain | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Uncertain | Moderate |
Irvin [11] 2010 | Yes | Uncertain | Uncertain | Uncertain | Uncertain | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Moderate |
Evans [22] 2011 | Yes | Uncertain | Uncertain | Yes | Uncertain | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Moderate |
Emami [23] 2019 | Yes | Uncertain | Uncertain | Yes | Uncertain | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Moderate |
Adult Mixed cases | ||||||||||
Steuerwald [24] 2018 | Yes | Uncertain | Uncertain | Yes | Uncertain | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Moderate |
Pediatric Mixed cases | ||||||||||
Tweed [12] 2018 | Uncertain | Uncertain | No | Uncertain | Uncertain | Yes | Yes | Uncertain | Yes | Low |