Table 3 Lactate, Potassium, Troponin, Creatinine, and pH reported as Mean ± SD or Mean (IQR) unless specified. Values reported as Lactate: mmol/L; Potassium mmol/L; Troponin ng/mL; Creatinine mg/dL

Avaro, et al. 2011 [83]

8 (25)

60

1

20

9.59 ± 1.19

6.08 ± 0.44

–

–

–

Markov, et al. 2013 [82]

6 (24)

30

54

100

1.5^m

3.8 ± 0.4

0.04 ± 0.05

1.1 ± 0.4

–

6 (24)

90

54

100

1.5^m

4.0 ± 0.5

0.16 ± 0.30

1.2 ± 0.2

–

Scott, et al. 2013 [84]

16

60

48

NR

0.63 (0.21)^c

7.66 (1.45)^c *

–

1.7 (0.8)^c

7.4^c

0.62 (0.08)^d

6.10 (3.27)^d *

–

1.5 (0.2)^d

7.4^d

Morrison, et al. 2014 [81]

8 (24)

60

48

87.3

9.0 ± 4.5

5.2 ± 0.8 *

–

2.6 ± 0.5 *

7.22 ± 1.45

Morrison, et al. 2014 [81]

6 (20)

30

48

100

0.5 ± 0.1

–

0.28 ± 0.24

–

7.46 ± 0.02

8 (20)

60

48

100

0.6 ± 0.2

–

0.44 ± 0.38

–

7.40 ± 0.10

6 (20)

90

48

100

0.6 ± 0.1

–

0.38 ± 0.49

–

7.43 ± 0.04

Tibbets, et al. 2018 [85]

12 (18)

45

4.75

100

6^{h, m}

–

–

1.7 ± 0.1^{h, m}

7.4^{h, m}

3^{i, m}

–

–

1.8 ± 0.1^{i, m}

7.5^{i, m}

Williams, et al. 2018 [86]

6 (12)

45

4.75

NR

5.2 (3.7–6.8)^j *

–

–

5.2 (3.7–6.8)^j

–

3.0 (2.4–3.6)^k *

–

–

1.66 (1.63–1.69)^k

–

Beyer, et al. 2019 [77]

6 (18)

45

4.75

NR

–

–

6.26 ± 5.35 *

–

–

Kauvar, et al. 2019 [9, 87]

8 (21)

60

6

37.5

19.2 ± 2.3 *

5.1 ± 0.21

58.1 ± 28.6 *

4.0 ± 0.37 *

–

Kuckelman, et al. 2019 [88]

5 (20)

60

2

20

12.8

–

–

1.8

7.22

Sadeghi, et al. 2020 [89]

6 (18)

30

3

100

5.4 (2.4–8.4)

–

NR

–

7.5

Singer, et al. 2020 [90]

20

37^a

4^b

NR

10^f

5^f

–

–

~ 7.4^f

7^g

5.5^g

–

–

~ 7.4^g

Yamashiro, et al. 2020 [91]

6 (11)

30

3

100

3.4 ± 0.6

–

–

1.4 ± 0.1

7.43 ± 0.02

Yamashiro, et al. 2020 [91]

3 (12)

30

4

66.6

NR

–

–

1.2

NR

5 (12)

60

4

60

5.7 *

–

–

1.7 *

7.2 *