Table 2 Injury history and clinical findings at the ED with univariate analysis according to the presence of intracranial lesion
Population (N = 365) | Intracranial lesion (N = 26) | No intracranial lesion (N = 339) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Presence of witness | 101 (27.7) | 7 (26.9) | 94 (27.7) | 0.92 |
Mechanisms of injury (n, %) | ||||
Ground-level fall | 335 (91.8) | 25 (96.1) | 310 (92.3) | 0.40 |
Fall from > 1 m or 5 stairs | 14 (3.8) | 1 (3.9) | 13 (3.6) | 0.65 |
Mechanical fall | 167 (47.9) | 9 (42.3) | 158 (50.7) | 0.41 |
Unknow | 142 (40.7) | 10 (38.5) | 132 (38.9) | 0.96 |
Faintness or vertigo | 27 (7.7) | 3 (11.5) | 24 (7.1) | 0.30 |
Syncope | 13 (3.7) | 2 (7.7) | 11 (2.3) | 0.26 |
Motor vehicle accident | 7 (1.9) | 0 (0.0) | 7 (1.8) | 0.59 |
Unknown | 6 (1.6) | 0 (0.0) | 6 (1.6) | 0.64 |
Head striking by an object | 3 (0.9) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (0.7) | 0.80 |
Activity after falling (n, %) | ||||
Getting up with assistance | 203 (55.6) | 20 (76.9) | 183 (54.0) | 0.02 |
Staying on the floor for > 1 h | 108 (29.6) | 4 (15.4) | 104 (30.7) | 0.1 |
Getting up alone | 54 (14.8) | 2 (7.7) | 52 (15.3) | 0.29 |
Symptoms after injury (n, %) | ||||
Unknown | 49 (13.5) | 2 (7.7) | 47 (14.0) | 0.37 |
Amnesia | 48 (13.2) | 1 (3.8) | 47 (13.9) | 0.1 |
Headaches | 43 (11.8) | 11 (42.3) | 32 (9.4) | < 0.001 |
Loss of consciousness | 26 (7.1) | 1 (3.8) | 25 (7.4) | 0.50 |
Vomiting | 11 (3.0) | 3 (11.5) | 8 (2.4) | 0.004 |
Seizure | 2 (0.6) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (0.6) | 0.9 |
Clinical examination | ||||
Glasgow score: | ||||
15 | 326 (89.3) | 19 (73.1) | 307 (90.6) | 0.005 |
14 | 36 (9.9) | 7 (26.9) | 29 (8.6) | 0.002 |
13 | 3 (0.82) | 0 (0) | 3 (0.9) | 0.80 |
Base skull fracture sign | 13 (3.6) | 3 (11.5) | 10 (2.9) | 0.06 |
Alcohol intoxication (n, %) | 7 (1.9) | 1 (3.9) | 6 (1.8) | 0.41 |
Focal neurological sign | 3 (0.8) | 3 (11.5) | 0 (0.0) | < 0.001 |
Cutaneous injury (n, %) | ||||
Wound requiring suture | 131 (35.9) | 13 (50.0) | 118 (34.8) | 0.12 |
Hematoma | 117 (32.0) | 8 (30.8) | 109 (32.2) | 0.15 |
Cutaneous abrasion | 78 (21.4) | 5 (20.0) | 73 (21.5) | 0.69 |
No cutaneous lesion | 39 (10.7) | 0 (0.0) | 40 (11.8) | 0.04 |
Cutaneous impact location (n, %) | ||||
Frontal | 151 (41.4) | 10 (38.5) | 141 (41.4) | 0.76 |
Facial | 86 (23.4) | 1 (3.8) | 85 (25.0) | 0.01 |
Temporoparietal | 52 (14.3) | 8 (30.8) | 44 (13.0) | 0.01 |
No cutaneous impact | 39 (10.7) | 0 (0) | 39 (11.8) | 0.04 |
Occipital | 37 (10.1) | 7 (26.9) | 30 (8.8) | 0.003 |
Associated traumatic and/or medical emergency (n, %) | ||||
Isolated Mild Traumatic Brain Injury | 141 (38.6) | 11 (42.3) | 130 (35.6) | 0.67 |
Traumatic injury | 71 (19.5) | 5 (19.2) | 66 (19.5) | 0.97 |
Spine or limb fracture | 39 (10.7) | 4 (15.4) | 35 (10.3) | 0.30 |
Facial bones fracture | 9 (2.5) | 1 (3.9) | 8 (2.4) | 0.19 |
Medical emergency | 58 (8.8) | 2 (7.7) | 56 (16.5) | 0.24 |