Country, Region | Active system | Method to activate | Location determination | 1. Response needed | Role onscene | Equipment | Training; Frequency | Registration | Feedback | Financial assistance | Emotional support | Other requirements to become a citizen-responder |
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2. Information provided by dispatcher | ||||||||||||
Austria (N = 8.220.000) | 24 h/7 | Standard communication system; SMS; Pager; APP | GPS | 1. Confirming the response 2. Location of victim; location of AED | 1. AED (private use); 2. Attach pads and follow AED instructions; 3. Perform CPR | 1. AED; 2. Safety jacket; 3. Rescuer Kit | Yes trained for CPR including use of an AED; Annually | In an online system: Online App (for EMS, Paramedics, Medical Students, Physicians) or as designated First Responders (EMS/Paramedics) that are on call (during their free time) | Citizen-responders receive a regular report of their activity/Designated EMS staff discuss calls attended with citizen-responders | Yes: equipment and AED related disposables | Yes | A minimum of 18 years for the citizen-responders is required |
Czech Republic Hradec Kralove Region (N = 550.804) | 24 h/7 | SMS; APP | GPS | 1. Confirming the response 2. Location of victim; location of AED; situational information (Possibility to call dispatch centre for additional information) | 1. Get a local AED; connect a breathing mask; 2. Attach pads and follow AED instructions; 3. Perform CPR Of note: Citizen-responders usually do not bring AEDs to the victim (density of local AEDs is low). They usually replace bystanders or relatives in doing high-quality CPR | 1. Safety jacket; 2. Pocket mask, 3. Smartphone | Yes trained for CPR including use of an AED; Any valid ERC course certificate is needed | In an online system: SW KISS SHARP (new name: O2 SOS), registration and information at fr.zzskhk.cz | Letter of thanks | Yes: safety vest, pocket mask, until 2017 also smartphone | Yes, critical incident stress management available on request | A minimum of 18 years for the citizen-responders is required and they must declare to have no criminal history. This must be proven by an official document issued by the state-wide registry. |
Denmark, Capital region, Central Region (N = 3.137.000) | 24 h/7 | APP | GPS | 1. Confirming the response 2. Location of victim; location of nearest accessible AED | 1. Get a local AED; 2. Attach pads and follow AED instructions; 3. Perform CPR | 1. AED | Not required but strongly recommended | In an online system: In the app server | Via mail and social media when asked for | No | Yes, critical incident stress management available on request | A minimum of 18 years for the citizen-responders is required |
Denmark, Region Zealand, Region South (N = 2.056.025) | 24 h/7 | APP | GPS | 1. Confirming the response 2. Location of victim; location of AED | 1. Get a local AED; 2. Attach pads and follow AED instructions; 3. Perform CPR; 4. If the citizen responder wants: guide the ambulance to the right address and assist the ambulance personnel. | 1. AED | Yes trained for CPR including use of an AED; at least a 4 h CPR training course | In an online system: In the app server | Via mail and social media when asked for | No | Yes, critical incident stress management available on request | A minimum of 18 years for the citizen-responders is required and absence of a criminal history regarding child abuse |
Englanda (N = 55.980000) | 24 h/7 | APP | GPS and Address | 1. Confirming the response 2. Location of victim; demographics (victim) and situational information | 1. Get an AED out of the vehicle; 2. Connect a breathing mask; 3. Attach pads and follow AED instructions; 4. Perform CPR; 5. They are trained in airway management | 1. AED; 2. Rescuer Kit | Yes trained for CPR including use of an AED; Annually | In an online system: In house database | Citizen-response activity is described in the annual report/Citizen-responders receive a regular report of their activity/Citizen-responders receive written feedback on individual calls from the EMS | No | Yes | Each Trust sets its own parameters. Most require a minimum of 16 or 18 years for the citizen-responders. Also, the criminal record is checked. |
Germanyb, Marburg-Biedenkopf, Gütersloh, Freiburg, Neckar-Odenwald-Kreis, Greifswald, Schleswig-Holstein (N = 3.661.774) | 24/7 | SMS; APP | GPS | 1. Confirming the response 2. Location of victim; location of AED | 1. Get a local AED; 2. Connect a breathing mask; 3. Attach pads and follow AED instructions; 4. Perform CPR | 1. AED; 2. Safety jacket; 3. Rescuer Kit | Yes trained for CPR including use of an AED; Annually | In an online system: In the app server/German Red Cross | No | No | Yes, they can choose to contact a special team for debriefing | A minimum age of 18 years for the responders is required |
Ireland (N = 4.830.000) | 24 h/7 | SMS | Not determined | 1. Confirming the response 2. Location of victim; location of AED; demographics (victim) and situational information | 1. Get a local AED or get an AED out of the vehicle; 2. Connect a breathing mask; 3. Attach pads and follow AED instructions; 4. Perform CPR | 1. AED; 2. Safety jacket; 3. Resuscitation kit bag | Yes trained for CPR including use of an AED; Monthly | Authorisation granted by Ambulance Officer | Citizen-response activity is described in the annual report/Citizen-responders receive a regular report of their activity/Designated EMS staff discuss calls attended with citizen-responders | Replacement of consumable equipment | Yes | A minimum age of 18 years for the citizen-responders is required and they must get Garda Clearance, i.e., confirmation must be received from the Irish police that the person does not have a criminal conviction of significance |
Italy Emilia Romagna (N = 4.453.000) | 24 h/7 | APP | GPS | 1. Confirming the response 2. Location of victim; location of AED | 1. Get a local AED; connect a breathing mask; 2. Attach pads and follow AED instructions; 3. Perform CPR | None | Yes trained for CPR including use of an AED; Bi-annually | In an online system: https://www.118er.it/dae/ | The responder manager sends an email to collect feedback by mail (but is not a routine) | No | No | No requirements |
Hungary (N = 9.800.000) | 24 h/7 | Standard communication system; APP | GPS | 1. One person from the dispatch centre calls the citizen to check whether she/he is able to go to the victim 2. Location of victim; location of AED | 1. Get a local AED; 2. Attach pads and follow AED instructions; 3. Perform CPR | 1. AED | Not required; There is not any training for them, it depends on the citizen. | In an online system: Szív city (szivcity.hu) | None | No | No | No requirements |
The Netherlands Except Amsterdam (N = 15.835350) | 24 h/7 | SMS; APP | GPS; Address | 1. No response is required 2. Location of victim; location of AED | 1. Get a local AED or get an AED out of the vehicle; 2. Attach pads and follow AED instructions; 3. Perform CPR | 1. AED | Yes trained for CPR including use of an AED; Annually | In an online system: Hartslag.nu | None | No | Hartslag.nu asks for an evaluation after the event | A minimum age of 18 years is required and no dispatch to OHCAs caused by a trauma or in children < 8 years |
Romania, Bucharest (N = 1.828.000) | NR | SMS | GPS | 1. No response is required 2. Location of victim; location of AED | 1. Get a local AED; 2. Attach pads and follow AED instructions; 3. Perform CPR | 1. AED | Yes trained for CPR including use of an AED; Only trained once | NR | Activity is described in the annual report | No | Informal emotional support from Ambulance Service Staff | A minimum age of 16 years for the citizen-responders is required |
Sweden, Norrbotten County (N = 251.295) | 24 h/7 | SMS | Triangulation by telephone towers | 1. No response is required 2. Location of victim | 1. Perform CPR | None | Yes trained for CPR including use of an AED; Responders should be educated but no specific follow up is done | In an online system: https://www.mobilraddare.se/ | NR | Yes, please describe the type of assistance given: not specified | Yes, if requested they can contact the project via email/telephone | A minimum age of 18 years is required and no dispatch to children < 8 years |
Sweden, Region western Sweden (N = 2.016.000) | During daytime: 07:00–22:59 | SMS | GPS | 1. Confirming the response 2. Location of victim; location of AED | 1. Get a local AED or get an AED out of the vehicle; 2. Attach pads and follow AED instructions; 3. Perform CPR | None | Yes trained for CPR including use of an AED; All should be trained once. The repetitions courses differs between individuals | Directly in the APP | None | No | Yes, crisis consultation if requested. | A minimum age of 18 years for the citizen-responders is required and no dispatch to children < 8 years |
Sweden, Stockholm (N = 965.232) | During daytime: 07:00–22:59 | SMS; APP | GPS | 1. Confirming the response 2. Location of victim; location of AED and situational information | 1. Get a local AED; 2. Attach pads and follow AED instructions; 3. Perform CPR | None | Yes trained for CPR including use of an AED; Only trained once | In an online system: Register directly via application | Via mail and social media when asked for | No | Yes, debriefing if needed (if requested crisis counselling is given up to 10 visits) | A minimum age of 18 years is required and no dispatch to children < 8 years |
Scotland (N = 543.800) | Book on with the control centre when available. Therefore, their coverage varies across the country at any given time | Standard communication system | GPS | 1. Confirming the response 2. Location of victim; situational information | 1. Get an AED out of the vehicle; 2. Connect a breathing mask; 3. Attach pads and follow AED instructions; 4. Perform CPR; 5. Insert airway if required | 1. AED; 2. Safety jacket; 3. Rescuer Kit | Yes trained for CPR including use of an AED; Community First Responders go through an initial 4 day training course and then are expected to attend monthly training sessions within their groups, which follow a structured programme | In an online system: After training and suitability checks have been completed they are put on a database and classed as an active responder) and then when available they book on and ACC colleagues can deploy them | Citizen-response activity is described in the annual report; Designated EMS staff discuss calls attended with citizen-responders/Citizen-responders receive written feedback on individual calls from the EMS/We have a network of Community Resilience Facilitators who meet with Community First Responder groups periodically and are available to support them | Yes: the can claim mileage costs if they have used their own vehicle. Scottish Ambulance Service also replaces any consumable items used during the course of the first responders attendance | Yes | A minimum age of 18 years for the citizen-responders is required and dispatch to adults only; all citizen-responders undergo a protection of vulnerable groups (PVG) check and, depending on feedback, a judgement is made on the suitability to be a citizen-responder. |
Switzerland, Ticino Canton (N = 353.709) | 24 h/7 | APP | Not determined | 1. Confirming the response 2. Location of victim; location of AED; demographic and situational information | 1. Get a local AED; 2. Connect a breathing mask | 1. Safety jacket | Yes trained for CPR including use of an AED; Bi-annually | In an online system: smartphone Application (MOMENTUM) and registration program created by us (fr.ticinocuore.ch) | Receive written feedback on individual calls from the EMS/ Participate in a debrief with EMS staff immediately after an OHCA/ Receive feedback based on AED data from the operational and clinical manager/Are invited to the annual ceremony, where survivors meet first responders | No | Yes, 24 h/7 days team of psychological counsellors | A minimum age of 18 years is required (of note: citizens are allowed to use an AED from age 14 years). Citizen-responders must adhere to the general conditions. They need to self-declare absence of a criminal record, but declarations are not checked. |
Switzerland, Region of Fribourg (N = 225.500) | 24 h/7 | APP | GPS | 1. Confirming the response 2. Location of victim; location of AED; demographics (victim) and situational information | 1. Get a local AED | 1. Safety jacket | Yes trained for CPR including use of an AED; Every two years | In an online system: Citizen responders must create an account in the app | Citizen-responder must complete a feedback sheet. Dependent of the answers, the foundation will contact the responder by phone. Sometimes citizen-responders can have immediately feedback from the EMS staff. | Yes, the foundation pay the replacement of AED consumable after intervention | Yes, citizen-responders have the possibility to call a psychological service | A minimum age of 18 years is required (of note: citizens are allowed to use an AED from age 14 years). Citizen-responders must adhere to the general conditions. They need to self-declare absence of a criminal record, but declarations are not checked. |